Citation: Kitaev, A. Yu. "Quantum error correction with imperfect gates." Quantum communication, computing, and measurement. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. 181-188.
Web: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4615-5923-8_19
Tags: Foundational, Computer-scientific
This is the paper which introduces the toric code. It defines the code, and gives circuit specifications for how it could be used for fault-tolerant quantum computation.
This paper is pretty short - it has a concept to introduce and a principle to demonstrate. It does that with little fluff.